Start with the incident
A useful diagnosis begins with a specific moment: a decision returned for approval, a review that could not move, or an escalation that skipped the person closest to the work. One incident is evidence to investigate, not proof of a pattern.
Four explanations to test
The same escalation can have different causes. The work is to test the explanation against what the team was told, what it knew, what it could do, and what risk it was carrying.
- Authority: did the person actually have the right to decide?
- Context: did they have the judgment, standards, or information needed?
- Capability: could they perform the work or make the decision yet?
- Risk: was escalation genuinely required by safety, compliance, or organizational constraint?
Uncomfortable truth
Moving a task is not the same as moving judgment. An intervention is healthy when the person who owns the work can make the next comparable decision with clearer boundaries and less rescue. It is becoming dependency when every experiment creates another approval step for the same manager.